Tahi Lalat Boleh Jadi Kanser

Tahi lalat yang tumbuh pada tubuh selalunya dianggap perkara biasa oleh kita. Malah dianggap sebagai penyeri wajah. Tahi lalat atau dalam bahasa perubatan dikenali sebagai nevus (untuk sebiji) atau nevi (untuk lebih dari satu) merupakan sekumpulan sel-sel pigmentasi yang sering muncul dalam rupa kecil dan bintik coklat gelap.

Tahi lalat boleh datang dalam pelbagai warna dan boleh tumbuh di mana-mana bahagian tubuh, termasuklah di kulit kepala, ketiak, di bawah kuku dan antara jari kuku dan kaki. Kebanyakan manusia mempunyai kira-kira 10 hingga 40 biji tahi lalat. Jumlah itu boleh berubah di sepanjang hayat kehidupan manusia.

Kebanyakan tahi lalat tidak berbahaya, tetapi dalam kes yang jarang belaku, tahi lalat boleh berubah menjadi barah. Mengawal tahi lalat dan bintik pigmentasi yang lain adalah langkah penting dalam mengesan kanser kulit, terutamanya melanoma malignan. Tidak semua melanoma terbentuk daripada pra tahi lalat, tetapi kebanyakannya bermula berhampiran tahi lalat atau bintik gelap lain pada kulit.

Simptom-simptom

Walaupun tahi lalat tipikal adalah biasa, bintik coklat, namun begitu tahi lalat datang dalam pelbagai warna, bentuk dan saiz.

· Warna – boleh berubah warna kulit, coklat kemerahan, sederhana sehingga coklat tua, atau biru.

· Bentuk – boleh berbeza bentuk daripada bentuk bujur hingga bulat.

· Saiz – boleh jadi kecil atau besar.

Faktor-faktor risiko

Beberapa jenis tahi lalat mempunayai risiko lebih tinggi menjadi kanser. Ini termasuklah ;

Tahi lalat besar yang muncul sewaktu dilahirkan yang dikenali dengan nama congnital nevi. Tahi lalat ini boleh meningkatkan risiko pemiliknya mengalami melanima malignan.

Tahi lalat yang memang terdapat dalam keturunan. Tahi lalat yang besar daripada kebiasaannya- iaitu kira-kira satu perempat inci atau 6 milimeter dan tidak tetap bentuknya dikenali dengan nama atypical (dysplastic) nevi. Tahi lalat ini cenderung untuk diwarisi.

Tahi lalat yang banyak kira-kira 50 atau lebih boleh menyebabkan pemiliknya berisiko mendapat melanoma.

Bila perlu dapatkan rawatan

Jika anda berumur lebih 20 tahun dan tahi lalat baru muncul, maka segeralah berjumpa dengan doktor. Tanda-tanda dan simptom-simptom ini boleh menunjukkan sebarang masalah kesihatan. Tanda-tanda itu adalah seperti ;

· Rasa sakit

· Gatal atau rasa panas seperti terbakar

· Berdarah

· Berkerak

· Saiz, bentuk, warna yang tiba-tiba berbeza daripada kebiasaan.

Ujian dan diagnosis

Anda boleh memilih untuk melakukan pemeriksaan kulit sebagai satu cara mencegah. Doktor akan memeriksa kulit anda daripada kepala hinggalah jari kaki, termasuklah kulit kepala, telapak tangan, tumit kaki dan kulit antara punggung. Jika doktor mengesyaki tahi lalat itu boleh bertukar menjadi kanser, satu sampel biopsi akan diambil daripada anda untuk tujuan pemeriksaan selanjutnya.

Rawatan dan ubatan

Apabila biopsi dilakukan dan doktor mendapati bahawa ia adalah kanser, maka keseluruhan tahi lalat dan sedikit tisu normal di sekeliling perlu dibuang. Selalunya tahi lalat yang telah dibuang tidak akan muncul semula. Jika keadaan sebaliknya berlaku, segeralah berjumpa doktor dermatologi.

Rawatan bagi kebanyakan tahi lalat selalunya tidak diperlukan. Untuk tujuan kecantikan, tahi lalat boleh dibuang dalam beberapa cara seperti ;

Shave Excision iaitu kaedah yang dilakukan oleh doktor dengan cara membius kawasan di sekeliling tahi lalat dan kemudiannya menggunakan pisau kecil untuk memotong di sekeliling dan bahagian dalam tahi lalat. Teknik ini sering digunakan bagi membuang tahi lalat kecil dan ia tidak memerlukan jahitan pembedahan.

Punch Biopsy iaitu doktor akan membuang tahi lalat dengan teknik insisi kecil.

Excisional Surgery iaitu kaedah di mana doktor akan memotong keluar tahi lalat dan kawasan kulit normal di sekelilingnya. Jahitan pembedahan diperlukan bagi menutup kulit yang telah dibuang.

Pemeriksaan sendiri

Bagi mengesan melanoma atau kanser kulit lain, ikutilah pemeriksaan sendiri yang dicadangkan ini.

A. Untuk bentuk sifat tak simetri (asymmentrical shape) – lihatlah pada tahi lalat yang bentuk tidak tetap.

B. Untuk sempadan yang tidak tetap (irrregular border) – lihatlah pada tahi lalat yang tidak tetap sempadannya kerana ini merupakan ciri-ciri melanoma.

C. Untuk perubahan pada warna (changes in color) – lihatlah pertumbuhan tahi lalat yang mempunyai banyak warna atau warna tidak sekata.

D. Untuk diameter – lihatlah pertumbuhan tahi lalat yang besar daripada ¼ inci atau 6 milimeter.

E. Untuk perubahan (evolving) – lihatlah perubahan emngikut masa kerana kebanyakan tahi lalat yang berubah boleh membentuk kepada tanda-tanda dan simptom-simptom baru.

KL primary school closed temporarily due to A(H1N1)

KUALA LUMPUR, June 21 — Sekolah Rendah Jenis Kebangsaan (SRJK) Cina Jalan Davidson is the first school to be temporarily closed due to Influenza A(H1N1) after a third pupil from the school was confirmed as H1N1 positive.

Health Minister Datuk Seri Liow Tiong Lai said the school will remain closed from June 19 to June 26 as a preventive measure to avoid more pupils from being infected by the disease.

He added that 2,100 students, teachers and staff from the school are required to remain at home and avoid mixing around in public, throughout the school closure.

Yesterday, an 11-year-old girl, a Year Five pupil from the school, who had returned from a holiday in Melbourne with her family, became the first confirmed case in the school but when her classmate was confirmed as positive this morning, it was decided to close the school temporarily, he said.

“I received information at about 2.30pm that this school had confirmed another Influenza A(H1N1) case, the third in the school, bringing the number of confirmed cases in the country to 50,” he told reporters after visiting the school here today.

Liow said the Year Five pupil of 5(I) class, was from the same class as two others infected earlier and is the second local transmission case in the school while the other was termed an “imported” case.

He added that both the girls who were confirmed positive were seated beside the girl who had returned from Melbourne.

“We will be monitoring the school very closely together with the teachers and Parents Teachers Association and I hope the students involved are not to be blamed by the media or public.

“Those who are quarantined should not even go for tuition or visit public areas or attend functions. The should also reduce interaction with those who are not quarantined. They should not break the quarantine rules as action can be taken against them, including a RM10,000 fine or jail or both,” he said.

“Don’t break the rules and don’t force the government to use the act to charge anyone.” – Bernama

Kem Kesihatan

PEMERIKSAAN KESIHATAN PERCUMA

TARIKH: 20HB JUN 2009
MASA: 9.00 PAGI HINGGA 12.30 TENGAHARI
TEMPAT: DATARAN FUTSAL, (TAMAN PERMAINAN), LORONG KEMPAS 2, KG. MELAYU AMPANG

Do you know? Rice can actually be worse than sugar?

Salam..

Saya baru jer terbaca 1 artikel & forum .. tentang nasi. Memang dah lama saya tahu.. kalau nak diet kena kurangkan makan nasi atau sebaiknya jgn makan nasi. Tapi tak tahu pulak nasi boleh disamakan seperti gula.

Saya tak sempat nak huraikan artikel tu di sini. Jadi izinkan saya untuk letakkan artikel tu di sini. Nanti kita bincangkan lagi tentang diet ni.

RICE and other grains like wheat and corn can actually be worse than sugar.
In fact, if you go by the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) studies, white rice is almost equal to white sugar.

Indeed, white rice has an index of 92 versus 100 for sugar. The glycemic load is 30 — in excess of the 20 that it he upper limit per "good carbohydrate" serving.

However, there are several reasons why rice is worse than sugar:

* Rice becomes sugar

This is a fact that no nutritionist can deny: rice is chemically no different from sugar. Remember the experiment in school where you chewed on some cooked rice for a while. After a while, it turned sweet!

Actually, one bowl of cooked rice is the caloric equal of 10 teaspoons of sugar. It does not matter whether it is white, brown or herbal rice.

A bowl of brown rice is richer in fibre, some B vitamins and mineral but it is still the caloric equal of 10 teaspoons of sugar.

To get the same 10 teaspoons of sugar, you need to consume to lots of kangkong — 10 bowls of it.

* Rice cannot be digested before it is thoroughly cooked. However, when thoroughly cooked, it becomes sugar and spikes circulating blood sugar, within half an hour — almost as quickly as it would if your took a sugar candy.

* Rice is also lacking in the "rainbow of anti-oxidants". This complete anti-oxidant rainbow is necessary for the effective and safe utilisation of sugar.

Fruits come with a sugar called fructose. However, they are not empty calories as the fruit is packed with a whole host of other nutrients that help its proper assimilation and digestion.

* Rice has no fibre

The fibre of the kangkong fills you long before your blood sugar spikes. This is because the fibre bulks and fills your stomach. Since white rice has no fibre, you will end up eating lots of this "calorie dense" food.

Brown rice has more fibre but still the same amount of sugar.

* Rice is tasteless while sugar is sweet. There is only so much you can eat at one sitting. How many teaspoons of sugar can you eat before you feel like throwing up?

How many bowls of rice would you eat at lunch in a banana leaf restaurant today?

Another point worth noting is that rice is always the main part of the meal. While sugar may fill your dessert or sweeten your coffee, it will never be the main part of any meal. You could eat maybe 2-3 teaspoons of sugar at one meal.

However, you could easily eat the equivalent of two to three bowls, which translates to 20-30 teaspoons of sugar, in one meal.

I am always amused when I see someone eat sometimes five bowls of rice (50 teaspoons of sugar) at a banana leaf restaurant and then ask for teh tarik that is kurang manis!

There is no real "built in" mechanism for us to prevent overeating rice. How much kangkong can you eat? How much fried chicken can you eat? How much steamed fish can you eat?

Think about that. In terms of just quantity, where will you eat more — at a banana leaf restaurant where rice it the bulk or a western restaurant serving grilled fish and broccoli?

You eat more salt

As rice is tasteless, you tend to consume more salt — another villain when it comes to high blood pressure.

You tend to take more curry which has salt to help flavour the tasteless rice. We also tend to consume more ketchup and soy sauce which are also rich is salt.

* Eating rice causes you to drink less water. The more rice you eat, the less water you will drink as there is no mechanism to prevent the overeating of rice.

* Rice, wheat and corn come hidden in our daily food. As rice is tasteless, it tends to end up in other substitute foods like rice flour, noodles and bread.

* Rice, even when cooked, is difficult to digest. It is "heavy stuff".

If you have problems with digestion, try skipping rice for a few days. You will be amazed at how the problem will just go away.

UNDERSTANDING HEALTH

Studies have confirm that children genetically inherit the characteristic of parent, also include health. In simple term is whatever  health problems we have, chances they to will have it in their blood. Many of us know this, but what are we doing to maximize their chances of having a healthy life.

Do we educate them on a healthy lifestyle from small, do we teach them on the having the right and proper diet and do we give and educate them to take nutrition, like fruits, vegetables and etc... The answer is NO, We exposed them to cigarette and pollution, exposed them to radiation from video games, computer and even handphone, and the diet are always compromise with fast food and sundays are spent at shopping mall rather then them to picnics in recreational gardens.

Lets us start knowing and practice 3 basic pillars of health, so we could educate and turn it to a positive habits as they grow older.

THE 3 PILLARS OF HEALTH

• LIFESTYLE    -  regular exercise,  reduce exposure to pollution, reduce stress                         level, proper sleep, reduce exposure to sun and etc...    
  
• DIET             -  Proper balance Menu on their daily meals.
  
• NUTRITION   -  Fruit juices with every meals, fruits, vegetables, milk and kid                         suppliment if you could effort it.

Start practice this basic principle of healthy lifestyle together with your children and you will feel the changes in them.

next posting will tell you why this 3 pillars is crucial to your child and you...

Kem Kesihatan

Salam

Untuk makluman semua, sekali lagi kami akan menganjurkan program Kem Kesihatan

Pada kali ini acara adalah pemeriksaan kesihatan percuma dan Kempen derma organ

Tarikh: 17hb Mei 2009
Masa: 10.30 am - 6.30pm
Tempat: Ruang legar/foyer Kelab Darul Ehsan

Kehadiran anda adalah dialu-alukan dan amat dihargai

Sekian, wassalam

MALAYSIA HAS H1N1 VACCINE FOR SWINE FLU

Bernama - Tuesday, April 28

KUALA LUMPUR, April 27 (Bernama) -- Malaysia has the vaccine for swine flu which can be used to stop the spread of the disease to this country.

Veterinary Services director-general Datuk Dr Abd Aziz Jamaluddin said the H1N1 vaccine should be injected into pigs as a preventive measure following reports of 81 people killed by the swine flu in Mexico.

He told Bernama that the department was only waiting for the directive from the Health Ministry to carry out vaccination on the livestock.

He believed that the H1N1 vaccine was also used by pig farms in other countries as a preventive measure against swine flu.

Dr Abd Aziz also disclosed that Health Minister Datuk Seri Liow Tiong Lai had issued a directive to all State Veterinary Services directors to monitor pig farms in their respective states as a precaution and to report on any sign of swine flu infection.

-- MORE

SWINE-VACCINE 2 (LAST) KUALA LUMPUR

"Stern action will be taken against them if they fail to do this. They must also ensure that all the pig breeders follow instructions like their workers must wear masks," he said.

Dr Abd Aziz said state livestock breeders' associations were required to cooperate with the Veterinary Services Department by reporting on any symptom of swine flu.

"If their workers have similar symptoms for influenza, high fever, sore throat and body aches, they must be given leave and undergo medical examination immediately."

Dr Abd Aziz said so far the department had not received any report of swine flu symptoms in the country, while the disease also had the potential of being spread to birds but the possibility was remote.

"If avian flu can spread through food like by eating chicken, swine flu cannot be spread by eating pork but through human contact," he said.

More information on the swine flu can be obtained by calling 03-88810200 or 03-88810300, or by visiting website www.moh.gov.my.

-- BERNAMA

IMMIGRATION ALERT OVER SWINE FLU OUTBREAK IN MEXICO

Bernama - Sunday, April 26

KUALA LUMPUR, April 26 (Bernama) -- The Immigration Department has gone on the alert over a swine flu outbreak in Mexico and is ready to work closely with the Health Ministry to prevent the spread of the disease to Malaysia, its director-general Datuk Mahmood Adam said today.

"We are awaiting instructions from the Ministry of Health by tomorrow and we will provide full cooperation at all entry points," he told Bernama.

He said the department had experience as it had provided an effective service during the outbreak of the Asian bird flu.

The latest swine flu epidemic in Mexico has so far claimed 62 lives, and the World Health Organisation (WHO) had said that some of the deaths had been confirmed as being due to a type of swine flu labelled A(H1N1) not previously seen in pigs or humans.

Latest wire reports said the swine flu had spread to the United States and that WHO was concerned that it might spread to the rest of the world.

-— MORE

FLU-IMMIGRATION 2 (LAST) KUALA LUMPUR

The symptoms of the swine flu are similar to those of ordinary flu, with fever, cough, runny nose and body aches.

The latest flu is said to be more virulent than the previous one as it is a combination of the avian, human and swine viruses.

Experts said there was yet a vaccine for the latest flu. However, they advised that the best precaution would be to keep the hands clean by washing to avoid being infected.

Meanwhile, Health Minister Datuk Seri Liow Tiong Lai has reportedly advised Malaysians not to panic, saying the government would take all necessary steps to stop the disease from spreading to Malaysia.

He said the ministry would also keep the people regularly informed of developments.

-- BERNAMA

Mencegah jangkitan selsema

Selsema merupakan jangkitan salur pernafasan atas, yang memberi kesan terhadap salur-salur hidung dan kerongkong yang disebabkan oleh virus. Terdapat lebih dari 200 virus selsema. Jenis-jenis virus mungkin berbeza pada setiap musim. Antibiotik tidak akan menghapuskan virus-virus. Jangkitan-jangkitan itu akan hilang dengan sendirinya, kecuali jika terjadi jangkitan sekunder. Antibiotik mungkin dan hanya diperlukan apabila terdapat jangkitan sekunder. Selsema boleh tersebar dengan mudah apabila seseorang itu bercakap, membatuk atau bersin atau dengan sentuhan langsung. Kanak-kanak dengan kerintangan penyakit yang rendah berbanding dewasa mendapat selsema dengan lebih kerap, misalannya 6-12 kali dalam setahun, manakala dewasa, mendapat selsema sebanyak 2 kali dalam setahun.

Gejala-gejala

- Kerongkong yang kering dan sakit – Ini mungkin merupakan gejala pertama yang dialami.
- Pengeluaran lendir yang cair yang memekat kemudiannya.
- Bersin.
- Hidung tersumbat. Ini menyebabkan kesukaran untuk menyusu bayi.
- Sakit kepala.
- Adakalanya, demam yang ringan.
- Sakit badan.
- Mata berair.

Komplikasi-komplikasi

Tiada komplikasi yang serius yang berlaku dengan jangkitan rhinovirus. Akan tetapi, selsema yang mudah boleh menjadi lebih serius apabila jangkitan bakteria sekunder berlaku :-

- Bronkitis – jangkitan pada salur-salur pernafasan yang menyebabkan keradangan.
- Laringitis – keradangan pada laring (bahagian atas tenggorok) dan peti suara.
- Otitis Media – keradangan pada telinga tengah dan ini adalah lebih biasa di kalangan kanak-kanak.
- Sinusitis – Jangkitan yang merebak ke sinus (rongga tulang pada hidung).
- Pneumonia – jangkitan yang merebak ke bahagian bawah ke dalam paru-paru.
- Jangkitan bakteria sekunder.
- Penyakit-penyakit pernafasan yang sedia ada boleh dicetus atau diganggu, misalannya lelah.

Mereka-mereka dengan sistem ketahanan badan yang rendah mempunyai lebih banyak peluang untuk mendapat selsema dan berlakunya komplikasi-komplikasi. Mereka-mereka yang lebih berisiko adalah : -

- Mereka-mereka yang kurang khasiat makanannya.
- Warga-warga tua
- Golongan yang sangat muda.

Ingat untuk berunding dengan doktor jika

- Selsema yang mudah berlarutan melebihi seminggu, disertai demam yang malebihi 38°C
atau demam ringan yang berpanjangan.
- Berlakunya sakit dada.
- Terdapat kesusahan bernafas.
- Terdapat kahak berwarna kuning.

Penjagaan kendiri

Tidak terdapat rawatan yang tertentu tetapi rawatan yang simptomatik boleh dijalankan apabila berlakunya gejala-gejala penyakit.

Di antara perkara-perkara yang boleh dilakukan oleh sesorang itu ialah :-
- Berehat
- Rawatan simptomatik, seperti dengan agen analgesik (penahan sakit), yang mengurangkan demam dan
antihistamin, boleh dijalankan dengan ubat-ubatan yang boleh dibeli di kaunter, selepas berunding dengan
pegawai farmasi anda.
- Minum banyak cecair, kedua-dua air dan jus.
- Inhalasi (sedutan).

Elakkan

- Merokok.
- Membatuk atau bersin berdekatan orang/benda lain, terutamanya bayi dan makanan.
- Memaksa hembusan dengan kedua-dua liang hidung tertutup kerana ini mungkin
mengakibatkan jangkitan di telinga tengah.
- Memandu semasa mengambil ubat-ubatan untuk batuk dan selsema.
- Ubat-ubatan yang mengandungi salisilat, misalannya aspirin.

Tabiat-tabiat yang baik

- Berpakaian secara munasabah bergantung kepada suhu persekitaran supaya kesejukan
dan kepanasan yang melampau dapat dielakkan.
- Tidur secukupnya.
- Tutup hidung dan mulut anda dengan tisu apabila anda sedang bersin.
- Basuh tangan dengan sempurna sebelum memasak, makan atau mengendalikan
makanan.
- Hembus hidung anda, bila perlu, dengan satu atau kedua-dua liang hidung terbuka.
- Apabila melakukan suai perubatan, pastikan apakah jenis ubat itu dan apakah kesan yang dituntutnya. Runding dengan pegawai farmasi anda jika terdapat kemusykilan.
- Baca arahan dengan teliti sebelum mengambil sebarang ubat.

Pencegahan

- Amalkan gaya hidup yang sihat.
- Makan makanan yang seimbang.
- Senam selalu.

Info about swine flu

What is the swine flu?

Sporadic swine influenza A virus (SIV) infection of humans may produce a wide range of clinical signs and symptoms. Many human cases of swine influenza A virus infection have had a history of recent direct physical contact with pigs prior to illness onset. However, close (within 6 feet), but not direct contact with pigs, also has been reported among human swine influenza A virus cases. Limited, non sustained human-to-human swine influenza A virus transmission has been documented in the published literature. In addition, some confirmed swine influenza A virus cases have not had a history of exposure to pigs.

How many swine flu viruses are there?
Like all influenza viruses, swine flu viruses change constantly. Pigs can be infected by avian influenza and human influenza viruses as well as swine influenza viruses. When influenza viruses from different species infect pigs, the viruses can reassort (i.e. swap genes) and new viruses that are a mix of swine, human and/or avian influenza viruses can emerge. Over the years, different variations of swine flu viruses have emerged. At this time, there are four main influenza type A virus subtypes that have been isolated in pigs: H1N1, H1N2, H3N2, and H3N1. However, most of the recently isolated influenza viruses from pigs have been H1N1 viruses.

What are the symptoms of swine flu in humans?
The symptoms of swine flu in people are expected to be similar to the symptoms of regular human seasonal influenza and include fever, lethargy, lack of appetite and coughing. Some people with swine flu also have reported runny nose, sore throat, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.

Can people catch swine flu from eating pork?
No. Swine influenza viruses are not transmitted by food. You can not get swine influenza from eating pork or pork products. Eating properly handled and cooked pork and pork products is safe. Cooking pork to an internal temperature of 160°F kills the swine flu virus as it does other bacteria and viruses.

How does swine flu spread?
Influenza viruses can be directly transmitted from pigs to people and from people to pigs. Human infection with flu viruses from pigs are most likely to occur when people are in close proximity to infected pigs, such as in pig barns and livestock exhibits housing pigs at fairs. Human-to-human transmission of swine flu can also occur. This is thought to occur in the same way as seasonal flu occurs in people, which is mainly person-to-person transmission through coughing or sneezing of people infected with the influenza virus. People may become infected by touching something with flu viruses on it and then touching their mouth or nose.